Table 1 Targeted CSC therapy approaches
From: Cancer stem cells and their niche in cancer progression and therapy
Approaches | CSC types | Mechanisms | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Inducing CSC differentiation | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Smad inhibitor treatment induces CSC differentiation | Tumour growth was suppressed, and 57% of the tumours in a cyclin D1 sphere-derived xenograft model were eliminated | [102] |
Gastric cancer | Targeting phosphoglycerate kinase 1 induces stem cell differentiation in gastric cancer | The invasive potential of gastric cancer cells was impressively reduced in vitro | [103] | |
Glioblastoma multiforme | Ciliogenesis induces glioma stem cell differentiation | The infiltration of GSCs into the brain was prevented | [104] | |
Breast cancer | ATRA treatment leads to breast cancer stem cell differentiation | Invasion and migration were reduced, and sensitivity to anticancer treatment was increased | [105] | |
Glioma | Bone morphogenetic protein 7 induced differentiation of glioma CSCs | Tumour growth, angiogenesis, and invasion were decreased | [106] | |
Inhibiting CSC maintenance properties | Triple-negative breast cancer | MYC and MCL1 cooperate in the maintenance of chemotherapy-resistant CSCs in TNBC | Tumour initiation was significantly reduced in vivo | [107] |
Prostate and glioblastoma tumours | Suppressing the Wnt signalling pathway | Significant CSC-suppression was induced, and the expression of CSC-related genes was repressed | [108] | |
Colon cancer | Honokiol targets notch signalling | CSCs and colon cancer growth were inhibited | [109] | |
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | NF-κB and MYC signalling are targeted | Inhibition of the cell survival | [110] | |
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Downregulation of ATPase-family AAA-domain-containing protein 2 (ATAD2) inhibits the Hedgehog signalling pathway | The malignant phenotypes of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells were restrained | [11] | |
Targeting the CSC niche | Breast and Lung cancer | An anti-GPR77 antibody targets CD10+GPR77+ CAFs, which provide a survival niche for CSCs | Tumour formation was abolished, and tumour chemosensitivity was restored | [111] |
metastatic renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumours | Antiangiogenic drugs target the VEGF pathway | Successful therapy | [112] |