Table 3 A brief review of the application of GLP-based nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Drug | Particle size (nm) | Preparation method | Applied Cell type/Animal | Entrapment Efficacy (%) | Results | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS-GLPs | 217 ± 6 | ion-revulsion | HepG2, HeLa and A549 cell lines (0- 6 μg/mL, 24 h) | 25.01 | The NPs containing GLP exhibited more pronounced tumor suppression and enhanced growth-promoting effects compared to the free GLP solution | [60] |
SeNP-SGLP | 25 | Chemical resuction and dispersion | Raw 264.7 cell lines (0–100 μg/mL, 0–24 h) | – | The anti-inflammatory properties of SeNPs-GLPS may play a role in the ongoing efforts to combat cancer and inflammation | [115] |
GLPs microemulsion | 87.94 ± 3.17 | queous titration method | A549 and Caco-2 cell lines (0–1000 μg/mL of oil phase, 0–24 h); Xenograft mice (8 mg/kg) | – | This study elucidated the potential mechanism of the spatial relationship between GLps and microemulsion and confirms the importance of GLP in tumor accumulation and its anti-tumor effectiveness | [34] |
GLP-BiNP | 10 ± 3 | electrostatic interaction between sulfhydrated GLP and BiNP | CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII cell lines (0–80 μg/mL, 0–24 h); Xenograft mice (2.5 g/kg/day, 14 days) | – | GLPBiNP might offer an additional anti-inflammatory effect to counteract any potential toxicity resulting from the bismuth metal in the nanoparticles | [132] |
rGO-Fe3O4-GL-PF | 11.2 ± 4.8 | Thermal process and oxidation and chemical absorption | A549 cell lines (0.1–150 μg/mL, 24 h) | 11 | NPs held great promise to develop specialized drug delivery systems for cancer therapy | [54] |
GLP-RCPBA-DPA-DHA-HCPT | 98.49 ± 5.16 | Nanoprecipitation | MCF-7 cell lines (0.7 μg/mL, 0–72 h); xenograft mice (10 mg/kg/2 days, 8 days) | 28.34 | The formulated nanoparticles effectively eliminate cancer cells, impede tumor progression, and result in minimal side effects | [142] |
Gold NPs | 38.3 ± 0.3 | Chemical reduction | CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHCII cell lines (0–40 μg/mL, 0–24 h); Xenograft mice (30 mg/kg/4 days, 12 days) | – | GLPs have the potential to be integrated into nanocomposites with immunoregulatory properties, thereby improving their effectiveness in cancer therapy | [137] |
Gold NPs | 25–29 | Chemical reduction | HT-29 cell lines | – | The apoptotic effects on cancer cells were found to increase in a dose-dependent manner when treated with Gold NPs | [21] |
EC-GLT-PVA-GLPs | 221–253 | layer-by-layer electrospinning | SGC-7901, A549, Hela and Caco-2 cell lines | 7.9 | This nanomedical film exhibited a promising antitumor effect at the cellular level | [71] |
APBA − MTX/HCPT-GLP | 191 nm | Nanoprecipitation | MCF-7 cell lines xenograft mice | 21.5 | In vivo, the GLP-APBA-MTX/HCPT nanoparticles demonstrated more potent tumor-inhibiting effects with fewer associated side effects than free MTX and HCPT | [141] |