Fig. 2

Tissue samples from oral squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated significantly higher expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, and LDHA in tumor tissues compared with those in paraneoplastic tissues (n = 32 adjacent tissue samples, 40 cancer tissue samples; magnification, 200× with a scale bar of 100 μm and magnification, 400× with a scale bar of 50 μm, respectively) (A–D). Western blotting showed that PDGF-BB induced high α-SMA and FAP expression levels in hOMF cells (E, F). qRT-PCR also demonstrated that PDGF-BB induced high α-SMA and FAP expression levels in hOMF cells (G). Further confirmation of the characteristics of CAFs was obtained by immunofluorescence microscopy (scale bar, 20 μm) (H, I). PDGF-BB significantly promoted glucose uptake (J) and lactate secretion (K) in starved cells. Western blotting demonstrated that PDGF-BB promoted the expression of GLUT-1, LDH-A, and MCT-1 (L, M). In addition, PDGF-BB inhibited the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (N) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II (O) and decreased intracellular ATP content (P)