Fig. 1

H. pylori upregulates Serpin E1 expression in CAFs to promotes the colony formation, migration, and invasion of AGS cells. A Expression of Serpin E1 was detected in primary GC cells and CAFs from the same patients by western blotting. B, C Expression of Serpin E1 was detected in H. pylori-infected CAFs at an MOI of 50 by western blotting (B) and immunofluorescence (C). Scale bar = 10 μm. D Serpin E1 concentrations in the supernatants were determined in CAFs infected with H. pylori for 3 days by ELISA. E Cytokines in the supernatants were measured using a human cytokine array after infecting CAFs with H. pylori for 7 days, following removal of free H. pylori at 6 h post-infection. MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; CXCL1: C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 1; IL-8: interleukin-8. F, G Colony formation ability was evaluated in AGS cells co-cultured with Serpin E1 knockdown (A) and overexpression (C) CAFs. H, I The invasion and migration capacities were detected using the Transwell assay in AGS cells co-cultured with Serpin E1 knockdown (B) and overexpression (D) CAFs. Scale bar = 200 μm; Hp: H. pylori; Ctrl: Control; Line graphs and bar graphs show the mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.001