Table 1 The results of subgroups analysis based on clinical variables in different GI cancers

A) Hepatocellular carcinoma

Age

0.783

0.145

  ≥ 65 yr

4

0.80 (0.71, 0.91)

0.0% (0.454)

2

0.65 (0.52, 0.82)

0.0% (0.795)

  < 65 yr

4

0.82 (0.72, 0.94)

0.0% (0.892)

1

0.89 (0.63, 1.26)

NA

Sex

0.647

0.629

 Male

4

0.77 (0.69, 0.86)

0.0% (0.457)

2

0.66 (0.55, 0.80)

30.3% (0.231)

 Female

4

0.82 (0.64, 1.07)

0.0% (0.442)

2

0.60 (0.40, 0.89)

0.0% (0.968)

ECOG performance status

0.689

0.614

 0

5

0.77 (0.68, 0.88)

0.0% (0.474)

3

0.60 (0.50, 0.72)

0.0%, (0.592)

 1

5

0.74 (0.65, 0.86)

44.6% (0.124)

3

0.64 (0.53, 0.78)

24.3%, (0.267)

Location

0.078

0.171

 Asia

7

0.75 (0.67, 0.84)

0.0% (0.534)

4

0.63 (0.54, 0.75)

44.9% (0.142)

 Rest of the world

6

0.86 (0.78, 0.96)

0.0% (0.557)

3

0.74 (0.63, 0.87)

0.0% (0.872)

AFP at baseline

0.368

0.021

  ≥ 400 ng/mL

5

0.66 (0.57, 0.77)

0.0% (0.942)

2

0.64 (0.53, 0.78)

35.5% (0.213)

  < 400 ng/mL

5

0.75 (0.60, 0.93)

59.8% (0.041)

2

0.46 (0.37, 0.56)

0.0%, (0.541)

Barcelona liver stage

0.332

0.843

 B

6

0.89 (0.63, 1.24)

50.7% (0.071)

3

0.63 (0.45, 0.89)

48.0% (0.146)

 C

6

0.74 (0.66, 0.84)

34.5%, (0.177)

3

0.61 (0.53, 0.70)

0.0% (0.682)

Macrovascular invasion at study entry

0.365

0.598

 Yes

5

0.71 (0.60, 0.84)

0.0%, (0.425)

3

0.58 (0.46, 0.74)

0.0% (0.546)

 No

5

0.78 (0.70, 0.87)

29.0% (0.228)

3

0.63 (0.54, 0.73)

6.4% (0.344)

Extrahepatic spread at study entry

0.06

0.213

 Yes

5

0.70 (0.62, 0.78)

49.7% (0.093)

3

0.58 (0.50, 0.67)

0.0% (0.440)

 No

5

0.84 (0.72, 0.98)

0.0%, (0.811)

3

0.70 (0.54, 0.89)

0.0% (0.368)

MVI and/or extrahepatic spread at study entry

0.017

0.103

 Yes

6

0.72 (0.66, 0.80)

15.8%, (0.312)

3

0.55 (0.47, 0.65)

0.0% (0.932)

 No

6

0.91 (0.78, 1.08)

46.4%, (0.097)

3

0.73 (0.54, 0.98)

15.7% (0.305)

Etiology

0.001

0.028

 Hepatitis B

7

0.65 (0.57, 0.74)

0.0%, (0.514)

4

0.54 (0.46, 0.64)

0.0%, (0.508)

 Hepatitis C

6

0.92 (0.77, 1.09)

42.1%, (0.125)

3

0.60 (0.43, 0.84)

0.0%, (0.633)

 Nonviral

6

0.87 (0.77, 0.98)

0.0%, (0.502)

3

0.78 (0.63, 0.96)

0.0%, (0.658)

B) Gastric cancer

Age

0.844

0.987

  ≥ 65 yr

9

0.84 (0.77, 0.93)

39.3%, (0.106)

2

1.06 (0.64, 1.74)

75.3%, (0.044)

  < 65 yr

9

0.85 (0.79, 0.93)

13.0%, (0.326)

2

1.07 (0.32, 3.52)

96.5%, (0.000)

Sex

0.046

0.688

 Male

9

0.82 (0.76, 0.88)

33.9%, (0.147)

2

1.03 (0.48, 2.18)

93.6%, (0.000)

 Female

9

0.94 (0.84, 1.06)

0.0%, (0.517)

2

1.40 (0.38, 5.18)

94.3%, (0.000)

ECOG performance status

621

0.700

 0

8

0.89 (0.77, 1.03)

43.0%, (0.092)

2

1.29 (0.46, 3.67)

93.4%, (0.000)

 1

8

0.84 (0.74, 0.97)

54.4%, (0.032)

2

0.99 (0.41, 2.39)

94.1%, (0.000)

Location

0.884

0.372

 Asia

8

0.85 (0.75, 0.97)

32.1%, (0.171)

2

1.91 (1.38, 2.64)

12.3%, (0.286)

 Rest of the world

7

0.86 (0.80, 0.93)

0.0%, (0.732)

1

1.57 (1.19, 2.08)

NA

Lauren histological type

0.449

0.09

 Diffuse type

6

0.85 (0.76, 0.96)

43.7%, (0.114)

1

0.84 (0.62, 1.14)

NA

 Intestinal type

6

0.80 (0.71, 0.90)

12.9%, (0.332)

1

0.56 (0.39, 0.80)

NA

Primary sites

0.986

0.666

 Gastric cancer

9

0.87 (0.78, 0.97)

51.1%, (0.037)

2

1.16 (0.44, 3.09)

95.9%, (0.000)

 Gastroesophageal junction cancer

9

0.87 (0.76, 0.99)

0.0%, (0.641)

2

0.89 (0.44, 1.81)

65.8%, (0.087)

Liver metastasis

0.344

0.204

 Yes

3

0.72 (0.63, 0.84)

0.0%, (0.899)

1

0.59 (0.42, 0.83)

NA

 No

3

0.82 (0.66, 1.03)

72.2%, (0.027)

1

0.79 (0.59, 1.05)

NA

Lymph node metastasis

0.405

0.559

 Yes

1

0.94 (0.77, 1.15)

NA

1

0.73 (0.58, 0.92)

NA

 No

1

0.77 (0.50, 1.18)

NA

1

0.61 (0.35, 1.06)

NA

Peritoneal metastasis

0.130

0.002

 Yes

2

0.98 (0.61, 1.56)

72.1%, (0.058)

1

1.04 (0.76, 1.43)

NA

 No

2

0.66 (0.55, 0.79)

0.0%, (0.687)

1

0.51 (0.37, 0.70)

NA

Number of organs with metastases

0.245

0.014

  < 2

4

0.72 (0.60, 0.85)

0.0%, (0.672)

1

0.42 (0.26, 0.69)

NA

  ≥ 2

4

0.84 (0.68, 1.04)

78.4%, (0.003)

1

0.84 (0.66, 1.07)

NA

Microsatellite status

0.000

 Stable

5

0.87 (0.79, 0.95)

42.1%, (0.178)

 Unstable (Instability-high)

3

0.33 (0.20, 0.52)

0.0%, (0.988)

Prior gastrectomy

0.924

0.956

 Yes

4

0.89 (0.73, 1.08)

0.0%, (0.913)

1

0.71 (0.46, 1.10)

NA

 No

4

0.90 (0.80, 1.00)

0.0%, (0.826)

1

0.70 (0.54, 0.90)

NA

Disease status

0.313

 Metastatic

2

0.91 (0.77, 1.07)

0.0%, (0.633)

 Locally advanced

1

2.84 (0.31,25.74)

NA

C) Esophageal cancer

Age

0.175

0.133

  ≥ 65 yr

9

0.67 (0.60, 0.75)

0.0% (0.701)

6

0.58 (0.51, 0.66)

37.9%, (0.154)

  < 65 yr

9

0.74 (0.68, 0.81)

0.0%,(0.623)

6

0.66 (0.60, 0.73)

44.3%, (0.110)

Sex

0.029

0.588

 Male

10

0.72 (0.67, 0.77)

26.6%, (0.199)

6

0.63 (0.54, 0.75)

67.2%, (0.009)

 Female

10

0.90 (0.75, 1.08)

9.1%, (0.359)

6

0.69 (0.54, 0.89)

0.0%, (0.655)

ECOG performance status

0.623

0.674

 0

10

0.74 (0.66, 0.83)

0.0%, (0.449)

6

0.61 (0.50, 0.76)

34.6%, (0.177)

 1

10

0.71 (0.66, 0.78)

0.0%, (0.739)

6

0.65 (0.56, 0.75)

53.5%, (0.056)

Location

0.145

0.889

 Asia

4

0.71 (0.62, 0.80)

18.8% (0.296)

2

0.68 (0.51, 0.91)

69.6%, (0.070)

 Rest of the world

4

0.84 (0.69, 1.02)

54.6%, (0.086)

1

0.70 (0.56, 0.88)

NA

Histology

0.240

0.239

 Adenocarcinoma

2

0.92 (0.61, 1.38)

73.3%, (0.053)

1

0.63 (0.46, 0.87)

NA

 Squamous cell carcinoma

11

0.72 (0.67, 0.77)

0.0%, (0.860)

10

0.79 (0.65, 0.95)

84.9%, (0.000)

Liver metastasis

0.358

0.451

 Yes

4

0.64 (0.51, 0.80)

0.0%, (0.792)

3

0.75 (0.48, 1.15)

67.0%, (0.048)

 No

4

0.72 (0.63, 0.83)

0.0%, (0.738)

3

0.62 (0.48, 0.79)

61.8%, (0.073)

Lymph node metastasis

0.319

 Yes

2

0.80 (0.65, 0.98)

0.0%, (0.540)

 No

2

0.68 (0.55, 0.86)

0.0%, (0.702)

Number of organs with metastases

0.169

0.138

  < 2

5

0.79 (0.69, 0.91)

0.0%, (0.923)

2

0.70 (0.56, 0.86)

0.0%, (0.350)

  ≥ 2

5

0.70 (0.62, 0.79)

0.0%, (0.454)

2

0.56 (0.46, 0.68)

44.0%, (0.181)

Disease status

0.063

0.408

 Metastatic

6

0.66 (0.60, 0.74)

0.0%, (0.802)

4

0.58 (0.52, 0.65)

0.0%, (0.409)

 Locally advanced

6

0.80 (0.68, 0.95)

0.0%, (0.833)

4

0.65 (0.50, 0.85)

0.0%, (0.847)

Smoking history

0.806

0.852

 Never

5

0.77 (0.62, 0.95)

0.0%, (0.565)

2

0.79 (0.47, 1.32)

58.8%, (0.119)

 Current or former

5

0.75 (0.67, 0.83)

0.0%, (0.867)

2

0.73 (0.39, 1.36)

85.8%, (0.008)

D) Colorectal cancer

Age

0.570

0.804

  ≥ 65 yr

3

0.89 (0.52, 1.54)

69.1%, (0.039)

3

1.07 (0.81, 1.40)

0.0%, (0.539)

  < 65 yr

3

1.06 (0.85, 1.32)

0.1%, (0.368)

3

1.11 (0.91, 1.35)

47.8%, (0.147)

Sex

0.963

0.080

 Male

2

0.73 (0.55, 0.95)

0.0%, (0.383)

1

0.77 (0.57, 1.05)

NA

 Female

2

0.72 (0.50, 1.03)

39.0%, (0.200)

1

1.21 (0.81, 1.80)

NA

ECOG performance status

0.926

0.806

 0

4

0.91 (0.55, 1.50)

75.0%, (0.007)

3

1.24 (0.66, 2.32)

86.2%, (0.001)

 1

4

0.88 (0.71, 1.09)

13.0%, (0.327)

3

1.14 (0.90, 1.44)

0.0%, (0.623)

Location

0.753

 Asia

1

0.65 (0.27, 1.56)

NA

 Rest of the world

1

0.76 (0.52, 1.09)

NA

BRAF status

0.507

 Wild type

3

0.61 (0.39, 0.95)

0.0%, (0.720)

 Variant

2

0.71 (0.52, 0.96)

0.0%, (0.375)

KRAS/NRAS status

0.569

 Wild type

2

0.61 (0.39, 0.95)

0.0%, (0.720)

 Variant

2

0.71 (0.52, 0.96)

0.0%, (0.375)

Liver metastasis

0.044

0.751

 Yes

1

1.14 (0.72, 1.81)

NA

2

0.86 (0.69, 1.09)

0.0%, (0.512)

 No

1

0.33 (0.11, 1.00)

NA

2

0.80 (0.51, 1.24)

0.0%, (0.523)

Site of primary tomur

0.358

0.519

 Right

3

0.78 (0.58, 1.06)

0.0%, (0.715)

3

1.00 (0.71, 1.39)

0.0%, (0.947)

 Left

3

0.95 (0.71, 1.28)

0.0%, (0.812)

3

1.13 (0.92, 1.40)

26.0%, (0.259)

Microsatellite status

0.402

0.622

 Stable

3

0.91 (0.64, 1.28)

68.9%, (0.040)

3

1.07 (0.71, 1.61)

77.2%, (0.012)

 Unstable (Instability-high)

1

0.74 (0.53, 1.03)

NA

2

0.84 (0.35, 2.01)

60.5%, (0.111)

Number of organs with metastases

0.668

  < 2

1

0.98 (0.68, 1.41)

NA

  ≥ 2

1

0.88 (0.63, 1.22)

NA

E) Pancreatic cancer

Age

0.491

0.177

  ≥ 65 yr

2

0.92 (0.67, 1.25)

0.0%, (0.837)

1

0.73 (0.48, 1.11)

NA

  < 65 yr

2

0.72 (0.39, 1.34)

69.6%, (0.070)

1

0.48 (0.31, 0.75)

NA

Sex

0.486

0.234

 Male

2

0.72 (0.52, 0.99)

42.7%, (0.187)

1

0.52 (0.35, 0.77)

NA

 Female

2

0.85 (0.60, 1.20)

0.0%, (0.947)

1

0.76 (0.47, 1.23)

NA

ECOG performance status

0.444

0.056

 0

2

0.72 (0.32, 1.65)

75.4%, (0.044)

1

0.47 (0.31, 0.71)

NA

 1

2

1.01 (0.81, 1.26)

0.0%, (0.461)

1

0.87 (0.54, 1.41)

NA

F) Biliary tract cancer

Age

0.949

0.211

  ≥ 65 yr

1

0.79 (0.60, 1.04)

NA

1

0.84 (0.66, 1.07)

NA

  < 65 yr

1

0.80 (0.61, 1.04)

NA

1

0.68 (0.54, 0.85)

NA

Sex

0.797

0.696

 Male

1

0.78 (0.60, 1.01)

NA

1

0.73 (0.58, 0.92)

NA

 Female

1

0.82 (0.62, 1.08)

NA

1

0.78 (0.62, 0.99)

NA

ECOG performance status

0.255

0.938

 0

1

0.90 (0.68, 1.20)

NA

1

0.77 (0.61, 0.98)

NA

 1

1

0.72 (0.56, 0.93)

NA

1

0.76 (0.60, 0.96)

NA

Location

0.290

0.127

 Asia

1

0.72 (0.56, 0.93)

NA

1

0.67 (0.54, 0.84)

NA

 Rest of the world

1

0.89 (0.66, 1.20)

NA

1

0.87 (0.68, 1.12)

NA

Disease status

0.108

0.012

 Metastatic

1

0.49 (0.27, 0.90)

NA

1

0.42 (0.26, 0.68)

NA

 Locally advanced

1

0.83 (0.68, 1.02)

NA

1

0.81 (0.68, 0.97)

NA