Fig. 1

Overview of the downstream effects of PP2A therapeutics. Indirect PP2A activators inhibit the endogenous protein inhibitors of PP2A resulting in increased PP2A activation and increased regulation of downstream pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK. Direct PP2A activators can bind directly to the protein and promote its activation leading to increased regulation of pathways involved in tumor progression. PP2A inhibitors can bind to the protein and prevent dephosphorylation of its substrates leading to increased cell cycle progression and eventually cell death due to DNA damaged cancer cells