Clinical applications and perspectives of circulating tumor DNA in gastric cancer

Li, Jing-Han; Zhang, Dan-Ying; Zhu, Ji-Min; Dong, Ling

doi:10.1186/s12935-024-03209-4

Cancer Cell International

Table 2 ctDNA as biomarkers in gastric cancer

From: Clinical applications and perspectives of circulating tumor DNA in gastric cancer

Type	Gene	Expression	Function	Sample type	Case number	GC information	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC	Method	References
Mutation	TP53	High	Detection	Plasma	277 GC	TNM: I: 18; II: 76; III: 150; IV: 33				qPCR	[59]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	63 GC	TNM: III: 20; IV: 43				NGS	[98]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	23 GC	TNM: T1: 3; T2: 8; T3: 18; T4: 3; N0: 15; N + : 7;				NGS	[95]
	ARID1A	High	Detection	Plasma	277 GC	TNM: I: 18; II: 76; III: 150; IV: 33				qPCR	[59]
	PI3KCA	High	Detection	Plasma	277 GC	TNM: I: 18; II: 76; III: 150; IV: 33				qPCR	[59]
	PI3KCA	High	Treatment	Plasma	56 GC	Tumour location: EGJ: 21(37.5%); Non-EGJ: 35(62.5%); Lauren classification: Intestinal type: 37(66.1%); Diffuse type: 11(19.6%); Mixed type: 8(14.3%)				ddPCR	[113]
	HER2	High	Detection	Plasma	81 GC, 103 controls	Lauren classification: Intestinal: 35; Diffuse 42; Mixed: 4 Tumor stage: EGC: 36; AGC: 45	87.7	64.1	0.744	PCR	[61]
		High	Detection/prognosis	Serum	24 GC	TNM: III: 1; IV: 23				ddPCR	[62]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	63 GC	TNM: III: 20; IV: 43				NGS	[98]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	60 GC, 30 Healthy controls	pTNM: I/II: 10; III: 50	73.3	93.3		ddPCR	[110]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	52 GC, 40 Healthy controls	TNM: II: 10; III 40; IV: 2	69.2	80.0	0.803	rqPCR	[112]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	78 GC	TNM: I: 13; II: 16; III: 33; IV: 16 Lauren type: Diffuse: 12; Intestinal: 42; Mixed: 24				targeted sequencing	[115]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	21 AGC	TNM: IIIA: 2; IIIC: 2; IV: 17 Lauren type: Diffuse: 4; Intestinal: 7; Mixed: 10				targeted capture sequencing	[116]
	CDC27	High	Prognosis	Plasma	63 GC	TNM: I/II: 14; III: 49				WES	[97]
	MET amplification	High	Prognosis	Plasma	63 GC	TNM: III: 20; IV: 43				NGS	[98]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	1 GC	TNM: IV:1				NGS	[119]
		High	Treatment	Plasma	3 GC					NGS	[120]
	EBV	High	Prognosis	Plasma	153 GC	pTNM: I/II: 56; III: 97				PCR	[99]
	FGFR2	High	Treatment	Plasma	365 GC					NGS	[114]
	FGFR2	High	Treatment	Plasma	341 GC					ddPCR	[35]
Methylation	p16	Hyper	Detection	Serum	109 GC, 10 Healthy controls	TNM: I/II: 67; III/IV: 42	18	100	-	MSP	[66]
	E-calmodulin	Hyper	Detection	Serum	109 GC, 10Healthy controls	TNM: I/II: 67; III/IV: 42	24	100	-	MSP	[66]
	E-calmodulin	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	RASSF1A	Hyper	Detection/prognosis	Plasma	101 GC, 202 Healthy controls	TNM: I/II/III: 23; IV: 54	83.2	94.55	-	MSP	[68]
	RASSF1A		Prognosis	Plasma	70 GC	Lauren type: Diffuse: 23; Intestinal: 32; Mixed: 15				MSP	[106]
	PCDH10	Hyper	Detection/prognosis	Plasma	101 GC 202 Healthy controls	TNM: I/II/III: 23; IV: 54	94.1	97.03	-	MSP	[68]
	APC	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	SHP1	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	ER	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	Reprimo	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	SEMA3B	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	3OST2	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	43 GC	EGC: 5 AGC:38				MSP	[69]
	TFPI2	Hyper	Detection	Serum	73 GC	TNM: I/II: 33; III/IV: 40				qMSP	[70]
	XAF1	Hyper	Detection/prognosis	Serum	202 GC, 88 Healthy controls	TNM: I/II: 64; III/IV: 138	69.8	100	0.91	MSP	[71]
	RPRML	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	90GC, 25 Healthy controls	TNM: I/ II: 32; III/IV: 58 Lauren type: Diffuse: 31; Intestinal: 28; Mixed: 13	56	88	0.726	MethyLight assay	[72]
	RUNX3	Hyper	Detection	Serum	202 GC, 850 Healthy controls	TNM: I: 21; II: 43; III: 117; IV: 21	70.8 95.5	99.8 62.5	0.854	rt‐MSP	[75]
	RUNX3	Hyper	Detection	Serum	65 GC, 30 Healthy controls	TNM: I: 28; II: 19; III: 14; IV: 13	95.5	62.9	0.8651	RTQ-MSP	[76]
	SFRP2	Hyper	Detection/prognosis	Plasma	148 GC	TNM: I: 4; II: 23; III: 63; IV: 58				PCR	[77]
	ZIC1 + HOXD10 + RUNX3	Hyper	Detection	Plasma	131 GC, 120 controls	TNM: I/II: 63; III/IV: 58	91.6	50		MSP	[78]
	MINT2	Hyper	Prognosis	Peritoneal lavage fluid/blood	92 GC	TNM: I/II: 46; III/IV: 46				rt‐MSP	[103]
	THBS1	Hyper	Prognosis	Peritoneal lavage fluid/serum	92 GC	TNM: I/II: 46; III/IV: 46				MSP	[104]
	SOX-17	Hyper	Prognosis	Plasma	70 GC	Lauren type: Diffuse: 23; Intestinal: 32; Mixed: 15				MSP	[106]
	Wif-1	Hyper	Prognosis	Plasma	70 GC	Lauren type: Diffuse: 23; Intestinal: 32; Mixed: 15				MSP	[106]
	TIMP-3	Hyper	Prognosis	Peritoneal lavage fluid/serum	92 GC	TNM: I/II: 46; III/IV: 46				rt-MSP	[107]

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