Table 1 Studies conducted in the field of targeted drug delivery by nanobody with direct connection to drug and toxic molecule
Name of NDs | Antigen | Type of drug or other molecule | Type of study | The mechanism of action and application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DOX-11-1 | CD147 | Doxorubicin | Pre-clinical/ Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 tumor cells | Antitumor activities by blocking topo-isomerase 2 | Li et al. [51] |
1D5-PS 1D5-18A12-PS | HER2 | IRDye700DX | Pre-clinical/ Balb/c mice bearing HCC1954 tumor cells | Regression of high HER2 expressing tumors | Deken et al. [52] |
TNF-α nanobody | TNF-α | Paclitaxel | Pre-clinical/ Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 tumor cells | Neutralizing low levels of TNF-α in the tumor microenvironment that inhibit tumor proliferation and metastasis | Ji et al. [53] |
V-L-R-H | TNF-α | RGD4C peptide | Pre-clinical/ Balb/c mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumor cells | Inhibiting the process of EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) by reducing Ki67, HIFα, CD31, and TNFα | Ji et al. [54] |
EVDRL | EGFR | Death receptors 4/5 ligand (DRL) | Pre-clinical/ Mouse model | Treating brain metastasis in breast cancer | Kitamura et al. [55] |
VHH-PEG-PEI | HER2 | PEGylated polyethyleneimine | Pre-clinical/ BT474, SKBR3, NIH3T3, and MCF10A cell lines | VHH conjugated by PEG-PEI copolymers might be an efficient nanocarrier for specific targeting of Her2 positive tumors | Saqafi et al. [56] |